New Grounds for Invoking Refugee Status

The five grounds for persecution or fear of persecution as stated in Article 1A of the 1951 Geneva Convention are 'race, religion, nationality, and membership of a particular social group or political group.’ The 1951 Refugee Convention grounds of '...race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion' are certainly not an exhaustive list for invoking refugee status as proved by the subsequent developments and codification of international refugee law.

Other grounds that qualify for invoking refugee law are gender-based persecution and persecution based upon draft evading subject as ever to fulfilling certain conditions.

These few paragraphs examine the latter under international law.